What are the main uses of 3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol?

3-Bromo-1,2-dichloropropane, its main uses are as follows:

This compound has often been used in the field of organic synthesis in the past. First, as a key organic synthesis intermediate, it plays an important role in the preparation of many fine chemicals. For example, it can be used to synthesize drug intermediates with special structures. Because of the halogen atom of this compound, it can combine with other organic reagents through many chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions, to construct more complex and diverse organic molecules, providing an important basic raw material for drug development.

Second, it also has applications in materials science. It can participate in the synthesis of monomers of certain polymer materials. Due to the presence of halogen atoms in its molecular structure, it can endow the final synthesized polymer material with specific properties, such as improving the flame retardancy of the material. In the preparation of some special-purpose plastics, rubber and other polymer materials, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloropropane can be used as a precursor of modifiers and introduced into the polymer chain through chemical reactions to improve the physical and chemical properties of the material.

Third, in the agricultural field, although not widely used directly, it can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of certain pesticides. After a series of reactions, the synthesized pesticides can have unique insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal properties, which help to ensure the growth and yield of crops and provide assistance for agricultural production.

What are the physical properties of 3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol?

3-Bromo-1,2-dichloropropane is an organic compound. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature and has a pungent odor. Its physical properties are as follows:
1. ** Density **: about 1.98 g/cm ³. Due to the relatively large atomic weight of bromine and chlorine atoms, the molecular weight is increased, so the density is higher than that of water. Although the density of such compounds is not contained in "Tiangong Kaiwu", it has a simple understanding of the weight of the substance. If the density difference of metals and ores is observed, the density characteristics of this compound can be known by analogy.
2. ** Boiling point **: about 196 - 198 ° C. The intermolecular force contains van der Waals force. Bromine and chlorine atoms increase molecular polarity, which enhances the intermolecular force and requires higher energy to overcome, so the boiling point is higher. When ancient alchemy and boiling drugs, the difference in the boiling point of substances is noticed. If the boiling point properties of this compound are used for separation and purification, it can be analogous to the principles of ancient distillation and fractionation.
3. ** Melting point **: about -55 ° C. Relatively low, due to the non-tight regular arrangement of molecular structures, the intermolecular force is not enough to maintain the solid state at a lower temperature. If the ancients observed the solidification and melting of different substances, it can help to understand the melting point characteristics of this compound.
4. ** Solubility **: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. Because its molecules have a certain polarity, the interaction between water molecules is weaker than the interaction between water molecules, making it difficult to dissolve in water; and the interaction between molecules of organic solvents is strong, so it is soluble. This solubility is similar to that of some substances contained in "Tiangongkai" in different solvents, such as grease soluble in specific organic solvents.
5. ** Volatility **: Because of its high boiling point, the volatility is relatively weak. But in an open environment and when heated, it will still evaporate. When "Tiangongkai" describes substances, it mentions the phenomenon of odor emission, and the evaporation of this compound produces odor is related to it.

What are the chemical properties of 3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol?

3-Bromo-1,2-dichloropropane is also an organic compound. Its properties are common to halogenated hydrocarbons.

In this compound, the presence of bromine and chlorine atoms makes it quite reactive. In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the halogen atom can be replaced by a nucleophilic reagent. In case of hydroxyl negative ions (OH), the halogen atom can leave, and the hydroxyl group can replace it to form the corresponding alcohol compound. This is because the halogen atom has a certain electronegativity, so that the carbon atom connected to it is partially positively charged and vulnerable to attack by nucleophilic reagents. < Br >
In the elimination reaction, under basic conditions, the halogen atom and hydrogen atom on the adjacent carbon atom can be removed to form unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds. For example, by treating with alkali solutions of alcohols, such elimination reactions can occur to form unsaturated hydrocarbons containing double bonds.

Because it contains multiple halogen atoms, it has high polarity and good solubility in organic solvents, but low solubility in water. And its chemical properties are active, participating in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, and can be an important intermediate for the preparation of more complex organic compounds. In the field of industrial and organic synthesis, its active chemical properties are often used to construct new carbon-carbon bonds or introduce other functional groups through various reactions to achieve the synthesis goal of specific organic compounds.

What are the synthesis methods of 3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol?

To prepare 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane, the following methods can be used:

First, ethylene is used as the starting material. First, ethylene is added to chlorine gas, which is a reaction of electrophilic addition. Ethylene has carbon-carbon double bonds, and the electron cloud density is quite high. The chlorine molecules are polarized under the influence of it. The positively charged end attacks the double bond to form a chloronium ion intermediate, and then the chloride ions attack the intermediate from the reverse side to generate 1,2-dichloroethane. The reaction formula is: $CH_ {2} = CH_ {2} + Cl_ {2}\ rightarrow CH_ {2} ClCH_ {2} Cl $. Then, 1,2-dichloroethane and bromine undergo a free radical substitution reaction under light or high temperature conditions. Because the hydrogen atom on the carbon atom connected to chlorine in 1,2-dichloroethane is affected by the electron-absorbing effect of chlorine, the activity is enhanced, and the bromine radical can capture the hydrogen atom, and then generate 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane. The reaction formula is: $CH_ {2} ClCH_ {2} Cl + Br_ {2}\ xrightarrow {light or high temperature} CH_ {2} ClCHClBr + HBr $.

Second, acetylene can also be used as the starting material. First, acetylene and hydrogen chloride are added under the action of a catalyst. This reaction is a nucleophilic addition. The three-bond electron cloud density of acetylene is high, and the positively charged hydrogen atom in hydrogen chloride is first added to the three-bond to form vinyl chloride. The reaction formula is: $CH\ equiv CH + HCl\ xrightarrow {catalyst} CH_ {2} = CHCl $. The addition of vinyl chloride to hydrogen chloride continues to give 1,2-dichloroethane, and the reaction formula is: $CH_ {2} = CHCl + HCl\ rightarrow CH_ {2} ClCH_ {2} Cl $. The following steps are the same as the subsequent steps using ethylene as a raw material, that is, 1,2-dichloroethane and bromine are obtained by radical substitution under light or high temperature to obtain 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane.

Third, 1,2-dibromoethane and chlorine are used as raw materials. 1,2-Dibromoethane is substituted with chlorine gas, and chlorine atoms in chlorine gas can replace one bromine atom in 1,2-dibromoethane to produce 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane. However, this reaction may produce polysubstituted products, and the reaction conditions, such as the amount of chlorine, reaction temperature, reaction time, etc., need to be carefully controlled to improve the yield of the target product. The reaction formula is: $CH_ {2} BrCH_ {2} Br + Cl_ {2}\ rightarrow CH_ {2} ClCHBrCl + HBr $.

The above methods to prepare 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, it is necessary to choose carefully according to specific conditions, such as the availability of raw materials, cost, and difficulty in controlling reaction conditions.

What is the price range of 3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol in the market?

3-Bromo-1,2-dichlorobenzene is available in the market, and its price varies depending on quality, quantity, time, place and market conditions. It is often said that it is a chemical used in organic synthesis. If it is an ordinary reagent grade with a purity of about 98% or more, it can be purchased in small quantities, and the price per gram may be in the tens of yuan.

However, if the purchase quantity is large and purchased in bulk, the unit price may be reduced to several yuan per gram due to economies of scale. And if the purity requirements are extremely high, up to 99% or even more than 99.5%, for high-end scientific research or pharmaceutical synthesis, the price will be higher, or more than 100 yuan per gram.

In addition, market supply and demand also affect its price. If the demand for 3-bromo-1,2-dichlorobenzene increases sharply at some point, and the supply is limited, the price will rise; conversely, if the supply exceeds the demand, the price may decline. Different origins have different prices, and those from places with excellent craftsmanship and low cost may have more competitive prices. Therefore, in order to determine the exact price range, it is necessary to consider many factors in detail and explore in specific market situations.