What are the main uses of 1,3-dichlorofluorobenzene?

1,3-Dichloroethane is a colorless and transparent oily liquid with an odor similar to chloroform. Its main uses are many, and in the context of "Tiangong Kaiwu", it can be analyzed from various fields such as chemical industry and medicine.

In the chemical industry, 1,3-dichloroethane is an important raw material for organic synthesis. It can be used to prepare a variety of fine chemicals, such as intermediates used in the synthesis of medicines, pesticides, and fragrances. Although this compound is not detailed in "Tiangong Kaiwu", it is similar in the application concept of chemical raw materials. In the past, all kinds of raw materials were skillfully converted into required substances, and the same is true for 1,3-dichloroethane. After chemical synthesis steps, it became the basis for the manufacture of other important chemicals.

In the field of medicine, it can be used as a solvent for drug extraction and purification. In the preparation of ancient medicine, heavy solvents are also selected to extract the active ingredients. The good solubility of 1,3-dichloroethane can help to separate and purify pharmaceutical components, ensuring the quality and efficacy of drugs.

In addition, 1,3-dichloroethane is also used for metal surface treatment. It can remove oil and impurities on the metal surface, make the metal surface clean, and facilitate subsequent processing, such as electroplating, painting, etc. This echoes the emphasis on metal processing in "Tiangong Kaiju" to ensure the quality and durability of metal products.

However, it should be noted that 1,3-dichloroethane has certain toxicity and environmental hazards. When using, follow strict safety procedures, take protective measures, and properly dispose of waste to reduce its adverse effects on human body and the environment.

What are the physical properties of 1,3-dichlorofluorobenzene?

1% 2C3-dichloroethane is an organic compound with unique physical properties. Although it is difficult to find its details in ancient books, it can be said by ancient people with current knowledge.

This substance is a colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor under normal temperature and pressure. Looking at its appearance, it is clear and translucent, like jade dew, its smell is pungent, and it smells uncomfortable. Its boiling point is about 83.5 ° C, just like the boiling point of water, but its properties are very different from water. When placed on a fire and heated to this temperature, it quickly turns into a gaseous state and rises.

The melting point of 1% 2C3-dichloroethane is about -35.7 ° C. This is the degree of extreme cold. If it is at a low temperature, it will condense like ice, but its quality is not the fragility of ice, but tough. Its density is heavier than water, about 1.176g/cm ³. If it is poured into water, it will sink like a rock, slowly sinking.

And 1% 2C3-dichloroethane is slightly soluble in water, just like oil and water, which is difficult to blend. However, in most organic solvents, it can be miscible with them, such as ethanol, ether, etc. When mixed, it will become one, regardless of each other.

Its volatility should not be underestimated. In the air, it evaporates slowly, like light smoke, and gradually dissipates. This substance has applications in many fields due to its physical properties, but it also needs to be treated with caution. Due to its certain toxicity, if accidentally touched or inhaled, it may be harmful to human health.

Is the chemical properties of 1,3-dichlorofluorobenzene stable?

1% 2C3 -dihydroxypropane, that is, propylene glycol, has relatively stable chemical properties.

Propylene glycol is a colorless, viscous and stable water-absorbing liquid, which is almost odorless and odorless. From its structure, the molecule contains two hydroxyl groups, which make it hydrophilic to a certain extent. It can be miscible with water, ethanol and various organic solvents, which reflects its stability in solubility. Under normal temperature environment, propylene glycol will not spontaneously decompose, polymerize and other violent reactions. However, propylene glycol is not absolutely stable. When exposed to strong oxidants, its hydroxyl groups may be oxidized. For example, in contact with strong oxidizing substances such as potassium permanganate, the hydroxyl groups will be oxidized to the corresponding carbonyl or carboxyl groups, thereby changing its chemical structure and properties. Under high temperature conditions, propylene glycol may dehydrate. If appropriate conditions are controlled, one hydroxyl group can be dehydrated to produce propenol; if both hydroxyl groups are dehydrated, acronaldehyde may be formed. In addition, propylene glycol can be esterified with carboxylic acids under acid catalysis to form corresponding ester compounds. However, under general storage and conventional use conditions, as long as it avoids contact with strong oxidants and high temperatures, 1% 2C3-dihydroxypropane can maintain relatively stable chemical properties, and is safe to use as a solvent and moisturizer in many fields such as food, medicine, cosmetics, etc.

What is the production process of 1,3-dichlorofluorobenzene?

The preparation process of 1% 2C3-dihydroxypropane, that is, glycerol, is as follows:

The ancient preparation of glycerol is mostly derived from the hydrolysis of natural oils. The oil is the glyceride ester of high-grade fatty acids. Take the saponification reaction as an example, the oil is co-heated with a strong base (such as sodium hydroxide), and the following changes occur: the fatty acid in the oil combines with the base to form a fatty acid salt, which is the main component of soap; while the glycerol is free. Its chemical process is roughly like this: oil (high-grade fatty acid glyceride) + sodium hydroxide → sodium fatty acid + glycerol. After the reaction, the soap is separated from glycerol by the method of salting out. Due to the reduced solubility of soap in a concentrated salt solution, it precipitates, while the glycerol remains in the solution. Subsequent distillation and other processes to purify glycerol can be obtained as a pure product.

There is also a synthetic approach using propylene as a raw material. Propylene first reacts with chlorine to form 3-chloropropene. 3-chloropropene reacts with hypochlorous acid to form a mixture of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol. This mixture is treated with alkali solution and cyclized to form epichloropropane. After hydrolysis of epichloropropane, 1,3-dihydroxypropane, that is, glycerol, can be obtained. This synthesis method requires multiple steps, and the reaction conditions of each step are quite critical, which is related to the purity and yield of the product. When preparing, the reaction temperature, the proportion of reactants, the choice and dosage of catalysts, etc. need to be carefully controlled to obtain high-quality glycerol.

What are the precautions for using 1,3-dichlorofluorobenzene?

1% 2C3-dihydroxypropane, that is, glycerin, has many precautions during use, as detailed below:

Glycerin has strong hygroscopicity, so it must be sealed when stored. If exposed to air, it is easy to absorb moisture in the air and reduce the concentration, which affects the use effect. Although "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not specify the preservation of glycerin in detail, it is essential to properly store all kinds of substances, and sealing to avoid moisture is the basic method.

When using glycerin, the concentration control is very critical. High-concentration glycerin is too water-absorbing, and when used directly on the skin, it will capture moisture from the skin and cause dry skin. Generally speaking, when used for skin care, glycerin and water should be mixed in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3. Just as many processes in "Tiangong Kaiwu" strictly require the proportion of materials, the use of glycerin must also follow the appropriate ratio in order to achieve the desired effect.

Glycerin is flammable, and it should be kept away from fire and heat sources when using and storing, and avoid being placed in a high temperature environment to prevent fires. Although "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not mention the flammability of glycerin, it emphasizes fire prevention for many flammable substances, and the same is true for glycerin.

Although glycerin is low in toxicity, if a large amount of glycerin is ingested by mistake, it may still cause nausea, vomiting and other uncomfortable symptoms. Therefore, when using glycerin, it should be placed out of the reach of children, and hands should be washed in time after operation to avoid accidental ingestion. This is the basic requirement for ensuring safety when using various substances.

When using glycerin Inferior glycerin may contain impurities, which affect the use effect and even cause damage to the human body or items. When selecting glycerin, regular channels and reliable quality products should be selected. For example, "Tiangong Kaiwu" also attaches great importance to the quality of materials to ensure that all used are good products.