What is the chemical structure of 1 - bromo - 9 - (4, 4, 5, 5, 5 - pentafluoropentylthio) nonane?

1 + -Bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) nonane, the chemical structure of this compound can be analyzed step by step according to its name.

"1-bromine" refers to the head end of its carbon chain, that is, the first carbon atom, which is connected with a bromine atom. Bromine atoms are halogen elements with high chemical activity. They often play an important role in organic reactions, or are nucleophilic substitution reactions. Leaving groups, or initiating chain reactions in free radical reactions.

"Nonane" is the main structure of the carbon chain, indicating that the carbon chain of this compound is composed of 9 carbon atoms connected by a single bond to form a straight-chain alkane structure. The structure of alkanes is relatively stable and has a certain degree of chemical inertness. However, under certain conditions, reactions such as oxidation and halogenation can also occur.

"9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) ", which is a substituent attached to the 9th carbon atom of nonane. Where "pentanthio" means a sulfur alkyl group composed of 5 carbon atoms, the sulfur atom is connected to the 9th carbon atom of nonane. And "4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro" indicates that there are specific numbers of fluorine atoms attached to the 4th and 5th carbon atoms of pentanthio, respectively. Fluorine atoms have strong electronegativity. After introducing fluorine atoms, the physical and chemical properties of compounds can be significantly changed, such as improving the stability of compounds, changing their polarity, and then affecting their solubility, boiling point and other physical properties, and also have a significant impact on chemical reaction activity and selectivity.

In summary, the chemical structure of 1-bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) nonanes is based on a straight chain of nonanes, with bromine atoms at one end and fluorine-containing pentanthio substituents at the other end. This unique structure endows the compound with special chemical and physical properties, which may have potential application value in fields such as organic synthesis and materials science.

What are the physical properties of 1 - bromo - 9 - (4, 4, 5, 5, 5 - pentafluoropentylthio) nonane?

1 + -Bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) nonane, this is an organic compound with specific physical properties.

Its appearance is often liquid, because the molecule contains long carbon chains, halogen atoms and thioether groups, resulting in unique intermolecular forces. The relative density of this substance is greater than that of water, and it will sink to the bottom when placed in water.

In terms of solubility, due to the existence of long carbon chains, it has a certain solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, chloroform, etc. The introduction of fluorine atoms makes it compatible with some fluorine-containing organic solvents. However, due to its polar thioether bonds, its solubility in non-polar solvents is limited.

At the melting boiling point, the long carbon chain increases the intermolecular van der Waals force and pushes up the melting boiling point. However, the electronegativity of fluorine atoms is large, and the mutual repulsion between fluorine atoms and the influence on the molecular structure will have complex effects on the melting boiling point. In general, the melting boiling point will depend on the specific molecular structure and interaction.

The bromine atom in this compound is active and prone to nucleophilic substitution reactions. The thioether group can also participate in specific organic reactions. These reactive activities are closely related to physical properties. For example, in nucleophilic substitution reactions, the liquid properties are conducive to the contact and collision of the reactants and promote the reaction.

What are the common uses of 1 - bromo - 9 - (4, 4, 5, 5, 5 - pentafluoropentylthio) nonane?

1 + -Bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) nonane, the preparation of this substance, the common method has nucleophilic substitution reaction. The halogen atom of the haloalkane is quite active, and it is easy to be replaced by nucleophilic reagents.

The negative ion of 4,4,5,5-pentafluoropentanthiol can interact with 1-bromononane. To obtain the negative ion of 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthiol, often 4, 4, 5, 5-pentafluoropentanthiol and bases, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., in suitable solvents, such as ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc., acid-base reaction occurs. The alkali strips the hydrogen of mercaptan and produces the negative ion of 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanethiol.

Then, the negative ion is mixed with 1-bromonononane in the above solvent, and the temperature is moderately controlled, generally between room temperature and 50 ° C. Because the negative ion of mercaptan is nucleophilic, the carbon connected to the bromine atom is positive, the two attract, nucleophilic substitution occurs, and the bromine ion leaves, resulting in 1 + -bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) nonane.

Another method can be used by phase transfer catalysis. Add a phase transfer catalyst to the reaction system, such as quaternary ammonium salt, crown ether, etc. It can help the nucleophilic reagent to transfer from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, making nucleophilic substitution more likely to occur. In this way, the reaction rate is increased, and the yield may also rise. And the phase transfer catalysis can make the reaction conditions mild, without the need for a strong alkaline environment or high temperature, which is conducive to product formation and less disturbance of side reactions.

What are the synthesis methods of 1 - bromo - 9 - (4, 4, 5, 5, 5 - pentafluoropentylthio) nonane?

The synthesis method of 1 + -bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) nonane involves many organic chemical synthesis pathways. One of the methods can be obtained from the reaction of bromononane-containing derivatives and pentafluoropentanthiol salts in a suitable solvent under the catalysis of bases. For example, 1-bromononane is taken and made with sodium pentafluoropentanthiol in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. With potassium carbonate as a base, under mild heating and stirring conditions, the nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs, the bromine ion is left, and the pentafluoropentanthio is substituted to obtain the target product.

Another method can first prepare sulfur-containing intermediates, and then connect with bromononane-containing structures. For example, using 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoroamyl alcohol as the starting material, the corresponding mercaptan derivatives are formed by reacting with thioreagents, and then converted into active mercaptan salts. At the same time, appropriate activation of 1-bromononane is carried out, and the target molecular structure is constructed by nucleophilic substitution or other bonding reactions in suitable reaction systems.

Furthermore, the strategy of transition metal catalysis can be used. For example, transition metal catalysts such as palladium and copper are used to catalyze the coupling reaction between bromononane and pentafluoroamyl sulfide sources. In the presence of ligands, the transition metals first coordinate with the reactants to promote the activity of the reaction check point and reduce the activation energy of the reaction, so that the two can be efficiently coupled to generate 1 + -bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl) nonane. The reaction conditions need to be precisely regulated, including the amount of metal catalyst, the type of ligand, the reaction temperature, time and other factors, in order to achieve the best reaction effect and improve the yield and purity of the product.

1 - bromo - 9 - (4, 4, 5, 5, 5 - pentafluoropentylthio) What are the precautions during storage and use of nonane?

1 + -Bromo-9- (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanthio) nonane This material, when storing and using, many matters must not be ignored.

First words Storage, due to its special chemical properties, should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Avoid open flames and hot topics to prevent the risk of explosion. Cover such organic compounds, many of which are flammable, and are prone to disasters in case of heat or open flames. Storage places should be kept away from oxidants, strong bases and other substances, which are prone to chemical reactions with them, cause material deterioration, or even cause danger. And should be sealed and stored, waterproof and moisture-proof, so as not to interact with water vapor and affect its quality.

As for the use, the protective measures must be comprehensive. Handling this object requires appropriate protective clothing, protective gloves and goggles. Because it may be irritating to the skin and eyes, if inadvertently touched, quickly rinse with a large amount of water, and according to the severity of the injury, seek medical treatment. It is best to operate in a fume hood to ensure that the volatile gas is discharged in time to avoid inhalation into the body and damage to health. During experimental operation, strictly follow the operating procedures, and precisely control the dosage and reaction conditions. Due to changes in reaction conditions, the product may be different or cause accidents. After use, properly dispose of the remaining substances and waste, and do not discard them at will. According to relevant regulations, hand them over to professional institutions for disposal to protect the environment and the safety of others.