What is the main use of 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

1 - cyclopropyl - 6,7 - difluoro - 1,4 - dihydro - 4 - oxoquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid is ciprofloxacin, which has a wide range of uses and is particularly important in the medical tract.

Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone antibacterial drug that can inhibit the activity of bacterial DNA rotatase (bacterial topoisomerase II) and hinder bacterial DNA replication, so it has strong inhibition and killing ability against many bacteria. In clinical practice, it is often used in the treatment of a variety of infectious diseases.

First, urinary system infections are widely used. Such as urethritis and cystitis caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus, ciprofloxacin can effectively remove bacteria and relieve the pain of frequent urination, urgency and urinary pain in patients. Second, intestinal infections are also commonly used. Diarrhea and dysentery caused by Shigella and Salmonella can inhibit the reproduction of bacteria, slow down symptoms and promote recovery. Third, respiratory tract infections are also its place of use. For bronchitis and pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it can play an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect and make breathing smooth. Fourth, skin and soft tissue infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus, etc., ciprofloxacin can penetrate the skin into the tissue, sterilize and reduce swelling.

In addition, ciprofloxacin is also used in the prevention and treatment of perioperative infections, which can reduce the risk of postoperative infections and help patients recover after surgery. Because of its wide antimicrobial spectrum and accurate efficacy, it plays an important role in the field of antimicrobial drugs and plays a key role in protecting public health.

What are the chemical properties of 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

1 - cyclopropyl - 6,7 - difluoro - 1,4 - dihydro - 4 - oxoquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid, or ciprofloxacin carboxylic acid, is a key intermediate in the synthesis of quinolones. It has many unique chemical properties, which are detailed as follows:

This substance is acidic, and the carboxyl group contained in the molecule can ionize hydrogen ions. In chemical reactions, this carboxyl group is highly active and can neutralize with bases to form corresponding carboxylic salts. If reacted with sodium hydroxide, sodium ciprofloxacin carboxylate and water can be formed. This property is crucial for improving the solubility and stability of drugs in the process of drug preparation, because the solubility of carboxylate is often better than that of carboxylic acid itself, which is helpful for drug absorption and transport in the body.

The quinolone parent nuclear structure in the molecule gives it a conjugated system, which makes the substance have a certain degree of electron delocalization, which in turn affects its physical and chemical properties. The conjugated structure enhances the stability of the molecule. At the same time, in the spectral properties, there will be characteristic absorption peaks in a specific wavelength range, which can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Furthermore, the 1-position cyclopropyl group has a great influence on the chemical properties of the compound. Cyclopropyl has a unique tension structure, which changes the activity of the chemical bonds connected to it. It can increase the lipid solubility of molecules, which is conducive to the drug's penetration through the biofilm and enhances the antibacterial activity. In some reactions, cyclopropyl can also be used as a positioning group to guide the reaction to occur at a specific location, which is of great significance for the synthesis of more complex derivatives. The introduction of fluorine atoms at the 6,7-position

significantly changes the molecular electron cloud distribution. Fluorine atoms are extremely electronegative, which can affect the electron cloud density of surrounding chemical bonds through induction effects and enhance the polarity of molecules. This not only enhances its antibacterial activity, but also affects its metabolic stability, making the drug less likely to be metabolized and decomposed in the body, prolonging the action time.

1,4-dihydro-4-oxo moiety, 4-oxo moiety has a certain nucleophilicity and can participate in various nucleophilic substitution or addition reactions. In organic synthesis, this structure can provide an activity check point for the construction of new chemical bonds, which can be used to introduce different substituents to optimize the activity and selectivity of drugs.

The chemical properties of 1 - cyclopropyl - 6,7 - difluoro - 1,4 - dihydro - 4 - oxoquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid lay the foundation for the development and synthesis of quinolone antibacterial drugs. Through the modification and modification of each activity check point, better performance antibacterial drugs can be obtained.

What are the synthesis methods of 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

1-Cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, which is a key intermediate for the synthesis of quinolone antimicrobial drugs. The synthesis methods have always paid attention to many, and each has its own advantages, and now they are described separately.

One of them is a method using 2,3,4-trifluoroaniline as the starting material. This raw material is first cyclized with ethyl propionate to obtain 6,7-difluoro-4-oxyquinoline-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. Then, the product undergoes a Grignard reaction with cyclopropyl magnesium halide, introduces cyclopropyl, and then hydrolyzes to finally obtain the target product. This route step is relatively clear, but it involves a Grignard reaction, which requires strict reaction conditions, requires an anhydrous and anaerobic environment, and is difficult to operate.

The second is to use 3,4-dichloroaniline as the starting material. The target product can also be obtained by reacting with diethyl malonate first, and then through a series of steps such as cyclization and fluorination. The advantage of this route is that the raw materials are relatively easy to obtain, but the fluorination step requires specific fluorination reagents and conditions, and the reaction process is complicated, with many side reactions, and the separation and purification of the product is quite difficult.

The third is a synthesis strategy using o-fluorobenzoic acid as the starting material. A quinoline ring is constructed by multi-step reaction, and then cyclopropyl and fluorine atoms are introduced. The design of this path is ingenious, but the steps are lengthy, the total yield is low, and the industrial production faces certain challenges.

Synthesis of 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid has advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, the appropriate synthesis route needs to be weighed according to various factors such as raw material availability, cost, reaction conditions and product quality.

What is the price range of 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in the market?

1-Cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, which is a professional substance in the field of chemistry. On the market, its price range is often influenced by many factors.

Let's talk about the preparation process first. If the preparation process is complicated, high-end technology and equipment are required, and the investment cost is high, the price will rise. For example, some specific preparation processes, because of their unique and complex production of high-purity substances, their price is naturally not low.

Furthermore, purity has a great impact on price. High-purity products are widely used in high-end fields such as scientific research and medicine, and consumers are willing to pay high prices. Generally speaking, the higher the purity, the greater the price increase.

The market supply and demand situation is also a key factor. If the market demand for the substance is strong and the supply is limited, the price is bound to rise; on the contrary, when the supply exceeds the demand, the price will fall.

Under normal circumstances, the price of this substance may range from tens to thousands of yuan per gram. Low-purity products, due to limited uses, may cost tens of yuan per gram; while high-purity, scientific research-grade products may cost thousands of yuan per gram. The specific price is difficult to accurately define, and must be comprehensively judged according to actual market changes and merchant pricing strategies.

What are the safety and side effects of 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

1 - cyclopropyl - 6,7 - difluoro - 1,4 - dihydro - 4 - oxoquinoline - 3 - carboxylic acid, or ciprofloxacin, is commonly used in quinolone antimicrobial drugs. The following is a description of its safety and side effects:

* Safety **:
Ciprofloxacin is generally safe when used properly. It has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and is effective in the treatment of many bacterial infections, such as urinary system infections, intestinal infections, and respiratory tract infections. In most cases, it is well tolerated by patients. However, there are some specific situations that need to be paid attention to when using this drug.
People who are allergic to quinolones should never use it, otherwise it is very likely to cause severe allergic reactions, which can even be life-threatening. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women and minors under the age of 18 should not be used because of their imperfect bone development, Ciprofloxacin may have potential adverse effects on cartilage development.

** Side effects **:
One of them is gastrointestinal reaction, which is a more common side effect. Many patients may experience nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms after taking the drug. This is mainly due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by the drug. However, most of these reactions are mild, and the symptoms can often be relieved after stopping the drug or adjusting the medication plan.
The second is a central nervous system reaction. Ciprofloxacin may pass through the blood-brain barrier and affect the central nervous system, causing patients to experience dizziness, headache, insomnia, and even convulsions and convulsions. Especially for those who have a history of central nervous system diseases, the risk of such adverse reactions is higher.
The third is the effect on the skeletal muscular system. As mentioned earlier, this drug may affect the development of cartilage, causing joint pain, muscle pain and other symptoms. When used for a long time or in large doses, such risks will also increase accordingly.
The fourth is an allergic reaction. Some patients may experience allergic symptoms such as rash and itching after using ciprofloxacin, and in severe cases, it can progress to anaphylactic shock. Therefore, during the use of ciprofloxacin, it is necessary to pay close attention to whether the patient has allergy-related symptoms.
In addition, ciprofloxacin may also have a certain impact on the function of organs such as the liver and kidneys, resulting in elevated transaminase and abnormal renal function indicators, etc., but such situations are relatively rare. When using ciprofloxacin, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's advice and pay close attention to your own physical condition. If there is any abnormality, you should immediately inform the doctor.